Seven questions before choosing a regenerative treatment

Originally published March 02, 2021 · Adapted October 27, 2026

A treatment presentation can introduce an option. Your decision still needs a clinical evaluation, a clear diagnosis, and information about the specific proposal.

1. What is my diagnosis?

Ask what the examination and relevant imaging show, what remains uncertain, and whether another source of symptoms should be considered.

2. What exactly would be used?

Identify the preparation, its source, how it is processed, and where it would be placed. “Stem cells” alone is not a sufficient description.

3. What evidence applies to me?

Ask about evidence for your condition and its severity, along with limitations. A patient story or a laboratory finding does not establish an expected result for you.

4. What is the regulatory status?

Ask about the exact product and intended use. Stem-cell products are not FDA approved for orthopedic conditions.

5. What are the alternatives and risks?

Include rehabilitation, other nonsurgical approaches, and referral when indicated. Discuss what could happen if you delay an otherwise recommended treatment.

6. What does the entire plan cost?

Ask about consultation, procedure, rehabilitation, repeat visits, insurance handling, and any separately billed services before committing.

7. How will we judge progress?

Agree on meaningful goals, review timing, and what happens if the treatment does not help. If a recommendation is unclear, a second opinion can provide another perspective before a decision.

Patient information: AAOS orthobiologics patient guide ↗. Evidence and suitability depend on the individual condition.

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