Regenerative medicine basics: PRP and cell-based options

Originally published July 08, 2020 · Adapted October 27, 2026

“Regenerative medicine” describes a broad area of research and clinical care. In musculoskeletal practice, the term often refers to biologic treatments, also called orthobiologics. It does not identify a single standardized injection.

Know what is being proposed

PRP is prepared from a sample of your blood to concentrate platelets. Cell-based procedures use different materials and processing methods. These approaches are not interchangeable. Ask for the exact preparation, the proposed target, and the reason it is being considered for your diagnosis.

Match the discussion to the condition

Research on knee arthritis does not establish the same benefit for a spine condition or every tendon injury. Ask which studies are relevant to your situation and where uncertainty remains. A consultation should include reasonable alternatives and the role of rehabilitation.

Separate device clearance from treatment approval

Ask about regulatory status for the actual product and intended use. A clinic’s registration or a device’s clearance does not establish that an orthopedic treatment is FDA approved. Stem-cell products are not FDA approved for orthopedic conditions.

Make the practical plan clear

Before agreeing to care, discuss preparation, risks, expected discomfort, activity restrictions, costs, insurance, and follow-up. Ask how you and your physician would decide whether the plan is helping. Promises of permanent repair or guaranteed avoidance of surgery are not a substitute for that discussion.

Patient information: AAOS orthobiologics patient guide ↗. Evidence and suitability depend on the individual condition.

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